Two kinds of study appear below. Instrumental studies measure the skin with a device, such as water loss through the skin or surface oil. Consumer-use studies ask participants what they noticed, which is a perception and not a measurement. We label each number with which kind it is.
Barrier Repair Cream
Instrumental study. 32 adults aged 24 to 61 with self-reported dry or sensitized skin. Twice-daily use for 4 weeks, replacing their usual moisturizer. Measurements on the cheek at baseline, 2 hours after the first application, and at week 4, at least 12 hours after the last application.
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23%
less water lost through the skin at week 4
Mean reduction in transepidermal water loss against baseline (n=32).
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41%
more skin surface hydration 2 hours after one application
Mean increase in corneometer reading against baseline (n=32).
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29%
more skin surface hydration at week 4
Mean increase against baseline, measured at least 12 hours after the last application (n=32).
Consumer-use study. 108 adults, twice-daily use for 4 weeks, self-assessed by questionnaire.
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93%
agreed their skin felt less tight after washing
101 of 108 participants at week 4.
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89%
agreed their skin felt more comfortable through the day
96 of 108 participants at week 4.
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86%
agreed visible flaking was reduced
93 of 108 participants at week 4.
Ceramide Serum
Instrumental and consumer-use study. 30 adults with oily or combination skin, twice-daily use for 4 weeks under their usual sunscreen.
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24%
more skin surface hydration at week 4
Mean increase in corneometer reading against baseline (n=30).
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90%
agreed it sat well under sunscreen with no film
27 of 30 participants, self-assessed.
Gel-to-Milk Cleanser
Single-use instrumental test. 31 adults, one wash, water loss measured before washing and 30 minutes after.
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No measurable increase
in water loss through the skin 30 minutes after washing
The difference from baseline was not statistically significant (n=31).
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92%
agreed their skin did not feel tight after washing
Two-week consumer-use study, 84 participants, self-assessed.
Niacinamide 6% Fluid
Instrumental study. 38 adults with oily or combination skin, twice-daily use for 8 weeks. Surface oil measured on the forehead with a sebumeter, three hours after cleansing.
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19%
less surface oil on the forehead at week 8
Mean reduction against baseline (n=38). The change at week 2 was not significant.
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81%
agreed their pores looked less noticeable
Consumer-use study, 96 participants at week 8, self-assessed.
10% Mandelic Resurface
Instrumental and consumer-use study. 34 adults, three evenings a week for 8 weeks, with daily sunscreen. Skin surface roughness measured by silicone replica analysis.
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14%
smoother skin surface at week 8
Mean reduction in the roughness parameter against baseline (n=34).
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84%
agreed their skin tone looked more even
Self-assessed at week 8 (n=34).
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2 of 34
participants stopped because of irritation
Both recovered after stopping. We report this because an acid is not for everyone.
Fluid Mineral SPF 46
SPF and broad-spectrum testing follow the methods required for sunscreens sold in the United States. The SPF value was determined on 10 volunteers; broad-spectrum protection was confirmed by the critical wavelength method. Wearability was assessed in a separate two-week consumer-use study.
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SPF 46
determined in vivo on 10 volunteers
Static SPF. We do not publish a water-resistance claim for this product.
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372 nm
critical wavelength
A value of 370 nm or above is required to label a sunscreen broad spectrum.
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88%
agreed it did not pill under makeup
65 of 74 participants who wore makeup daily, self-assessed over 2 weeks.
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91%
of participants with medium to deep skin tones agreed the tinted shade left no visible cast
30 of 33 participants using Light–Medium or Medium–Deep, self-assessed.
What we have not tested
We have not run studies on the Overnight AHA Peel, the Enzyme Polish, the Micellar Prep Water, the Squalane Oil or the Peptide Eye Balm, so this page makes no numerical claims for them. Their product pages describe what is in each formula and how to use it.
How to read these numbers
- Percent changes are group averages against baseline. Individual results vary, and some participants saw little change.
- None of the instrumental studies used a placebo control. A change against baseline shows what happened while people used the product, not proof that the product alone caused it.
- Consumer-use percentages are perceptions. They tell you how people felt about a product, not what a device measured.
- These products are cosmetics, and the sunscreen is an over-the-counter sunscreen. None of them is intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.